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In order to determined the characteristics of peristaltic transport of the Newtonian fluid with variable viscosity through a cylindrical tube having walls that are transversely displaced by an in finite, harmonic traveling wave of large wavelength and negligibly small Reynolds number was analyzed in the presence of magnetic field directed with an angle π A perturbation method of solution is thought. The viscosity parameter a <<1 is chosen as a perturbation parameter. It serves as a model for the study of flow of chyme through small intestines. The governing equations are developed up to first‐order in the viscosity parameter (a). In case of the first‐order system, simpling a complicated group of products of Bessel functions by approximating polynomial. The results show that, the increasing of magnetic field increases the pressure rise. Also, the pressure rise at normal magnetic field (ω=π/2) is greater than the pressure rise at inclined magnetic field (O<ω>π/2). In addition, the pressure rise increases as the viscosity parameter decreases at certain values of flow rate. Comparisons with other studies are given.

The study aims to investigate the combined effect of slip conditions and heat and mass transfer on peristaltic transport of a generalized Newtonian fluid in a uniform tube.

Theoretical study using perturbation method.

Analytic solution for the axial velocity component, pressure gradient, temperature distribution, and fluid concentration have been obtained. Also, the pressure rise is computed numerically and explained graphically. Moreover, the effects of physical parameters on the temperature distribution, the concentration field and the trapping phenomena have been discussed. The results reveal that the temperature distribution is parabolic in shape, and it decreases with increasing slip parameter and Weissenberg number while it increases as the Prandtl number and the Eckert number increase.

Original study with applications in physiology.

Recently, several studies have been performed on lap welding of aluminum and copper using friction stir welding (FSW). The formation of intermetallic compounds at the weld interface hampers the weld quality. The use of an intermediate layer of a compatible material during welding reduces the formation of intermetallic compounds. The purpose of this paper is to optimize the FSW process parameters for AA6063-ETP copper weld, using a compatible zinc intermediate filler metal.

In the present study, a three-level, three-factor central composite design (CCD) has been used to determine the effect of various process parameters, namely, tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed and thickness of inter-filler zinc foil on ultimate tensile strength of the weld. A total of 60 experimental data were fitted in the CCD. The experiments were performed with tool rotational speeds of 1,000, 1,200 and 1,400 rpm each of them with tool traverse speeds of 5, 10 and 15 mm/min. A zinc inter-filler foil of 0.2 and 0.4 mm was also used. The macrograph of the weld surface under different process parameters and the tensile strength of the weld have been investigated.

The feasibility of joining 3 mm thick AA6063-ETP copper using zinc inter-filler is established. The regression analysis showed a good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model with a coefficient of determination (R²) value of 0.9759 and model F-value of 240.33. A good agreement between the prediction model and experimental findings validates the reliability of the developed model. The tool rotational speed, tool traverse speed and thickness of inter-filler zinc foil significantly affected the tensile strength of the weld. The optimal conditions found for the weld were, rotational speed of 1,212.83 rpm and traverse speed of 9.63 mm/min and zinc foil thickness is 0.157 mm; by using optimized values, ultimate tensile strength of 122.87 MPa was achieved, from the desirability function.

Aluminium and copper sheets could be joined feasibly using a zinc inter-filler. The maximum tensile strength of joints formed by inter-filler (122.87 MPa) was significantly better as compared to those without using inter-filler (83.78 MPa). The optimum process parameters to achieve maximum tensile strength were found by CCD.

The purpose of this study is to present a comprehensive review of the fundamental concepts and terminologies pertaining to different types of aluminium metal matrix composites, their joining techniques and challenges, friction stir welding (FSW) process, post-welding characterizations and basic control theory of FSW, followed by the discussions on the research reports in these areas.

Joining of aluminium metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) poses many challenges. These materials have their demanding applications in versatile domains, and hence it is essential to understand their weldability and material characteristics. FSW is a feasible choice for joining of Al-MMC over the fusion welding because of the formation of narrow heat affected zone and minimizing the formation of intermetallic compounds at weld interface. The goal in FSW is to generate enough thermal energy by friction between the workpiece and rotating tool. Heat energy is generated by mechanical interaction because of the difference in velocity between the workpiece and rotating tool. In the present work, a detailed survey is done on the above topics and an organised conceptual context is presented. A complete discussion on significance of FSW process parameters, control schemes, parameter optimization and weld quality monitoring are presented, along with the analysis on relation between the interdependent parameters.

Results from the study present the research gaps in the FSW studies for joining of the aluminium-based metal matrix composites, and they highlight further scope of studies pertaining to this domain.

It is observed that the survey done on FSW of Al-MMCs and their control theory give an insight into the fundamental concepts pertaining to this research area to enhance interdisciplinary technology exploration.

Energy is the major concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for most of the applications. There exist many factors for higher energy consumption in WSNs. The purpose of this work is to increase the coverage area maintaining the minimum possible nodes or sensors.

This paper has proposed multilayer (ML) nodes deployment with distributed MAC (DS-MAC) in which nodes listen time is controlled based on communication of neighbors. Game theory optimization helps in addressing path loss constraints while selecting path toward base stations (BS).

The simulation is carried out using NS-2.35, and it shows better performance in ML DS-MAC compared to random topology in DS-MAC with same number of BS. The proposed method improves performance of network in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime and better throughput.

Energy consumption is the major problem in WSNs and for which there exist many reasons, and many approaches are being proposed by researchers based on application in which WSN is used. Node mobility, topology, multitier and ML deployment and path loss constraints are some of the concerns in WSNs.

Game theory is used in different situations like countries whose army race, business firms that are competing, animals generally fighting for prey, political parties competing for vote, penalty kicks for the players in football and so on.

WSNs find applications in surveillance, monitoring, inspections for wild life, sea life, underground pipes and so on.

Game theory optimization helps in addressing path loss constraints while selecting path toward BS.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the existing literature on the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) and to give an overview of how libraries are adopting this emerging technology to make users feel more engaging with the library resources and service provision.

The basic architecture of IoT with its functionality has been enumerated and its different layers have been depicted.

A conceptual library IoT model, working on Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol, based on the fog-cloud computing layer of architecture has been proposed. This study also highlights the sensor-based current library services.

This study focuses on the existing practices of adoption of library IoT and discusses the possibilities of its future expansion in different areas.